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Theoretical computer science

Generalized star height at most three

OpenAI research collection · 3 manuscripts · Source checked 2026-10-19

OpenAI's result summary

Every regular language over a finite alphabet has a generalized regular expression with at most three nested Kleene stars, allowing union, concatenation and complement over the same alphabet. This establishes an absolute bound independent of automaton size, resolving the uniform-boundedness version of the generalized star-height problem.

Read the manuscripts

Short excerpts below come from OpenAI's abstracts. The full abstract and original PDF preserve the paper's precise scope.

MANUSCRIPT 01

Finite Monoid Computations and a Uniform Generalized Star-Height Bound

Every regular language over a finite alphabet has a generalized regular expression of star height at most thirteen over that same alphabet. We prove this uniform bound by representing finite monoid computations as affine updates and recovering them through twelve successive split constructions.

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MANUSCRIPT 02

Generalized Star Height at Most Four

Every regular language over a finite alphabet has generalized star height at most four over that same alphabet. We give a complete construction using an affine correction that hides one interval product, a finite clock, and several scales for moving boundaries through periodic words.

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MANUSCRIPT 03

Generalized Star Height at Most Three

Every regular language over a finite alphabet has generalized star height at most three, with complement taken in the same free monoid. We express finite-monoid computations using a prefix code of word pieces.

This exact PDF is not listed in the imported formalization catalogue. Family scope notes may contain further information.

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